Hypertension: Cause, Symptoms and Diagnostic

Hypertension is an increase in intermittent or protracted in diastolic and systolic blood pressure that occurs in two main types of essential hypertension (also known as essential hypertension or idiopathic hypertension which is the most common) and secondary hypertension (caused by kidney disease or other causes can be identified). Malignant hypertension is a severe form of hypertension and arise very suddenly and generally occur in two types of hypertension.

Hypertension is a major cause of stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. The prognosis is good if the disorder is detected early and if it starts to be addressed before the patient has complications. Blood pressure rose to great (hypertensive crisis) could be fatal.

Hypertension attacking blacks are three times more than whites. If left untreated, hypertension cause high mortality. However, in many cases, treatment with multilevel treatment gives a better prognosis.


Systolic hypertension have a risk equal to or greater than the elevation of the diastolic. Systolic hypertension is commonly seen in the elderly and raise the risk of stroke or myocardial infarction (myocardial infarction-MI). Hypertension usually does not cause clinical effects to vascular changes in the heart, brain, or kidneys. The increase in high blood pressure damage intima of small vessels, causing accumulation of fibrin in the vessels, the development of local edema, and intravascular clots can also.

Causes of Hypertension

Essential hypertension

• Unknown

Predisposing Factors

• Aging

• Family history

• Intake of saturated fat or high sodium

• Insulin resistance

• Obesity

• Race (most commonly affects black people)

• Demanding lifestyle often sit and not move

• Stress

• Smoke

Secondary Hypertension

• Koarktasi aorta

• Cushing's syndrome

• Drugs, such as cocaine, epoetin alfa, and cyclosporine

• Use of hormonal contraceptives

• Neurological disorders

• Pheochromocytoma

• Gestation

• Hiperaldosteroisme primary

• Thyroid dysfunction, pituitary, or parathyroid

Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension

Symptoms caused by this process depends on the location of the damaged vessels

• Brain: stroke

• Retina: blindness

• Heart: the heart's workload, causing increased left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure after left and right side, MI and pulmonary edema

• Renal: proteinuria, edema, and kidney failure

Diagnostic Test

• Measurement of blood pressure in a row that more than 120/80 mmHg but less than 140/90 mmHg indicates prehypertension; measuring more than 140/90 mmHg ensure hypertension.

Stage I hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure greater than 139 but less than 160 mm Hg or systolic blood pressure greater than 89 but less than 100 mmHg.Stage II hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 159 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 99 mm Hg.

• Auscultation showed an abnormal sound in the abdominal aorta and carotid artery, renal, and femoral

• Ophthalmoscopy showed arteriovenous notch and in hypertensive encephalopathy, papilledema.

Those are some things you should know about hypertension, but there is a need to set a few things to know about Foods to Reduce Hypertension. You can see our previous article regarding Foods to Reduce Hypertension.

Hypertension: Cause, Symptoms and Diagnostic 2013-07-25T21:25:00-07:00 Rating: 4.5 Diposkan Oleh: Usgi